India Cave Temples 2026: Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta, Badami, Karla Rock-Cut Architecture Complete Guide

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India Cave Temples 2026: Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta, Badami, Karla Rock-Cut Architecture Complete Guide

TL;DR

I spent six weeks across Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu visiting India's most important rock-cut cave temples, and the experience reshaped how I think about ancient engineering. From the painted Buddhist halls of Ajanta to the monolithic Kailasa at Ellora, the island shrines of Elephanta, the red sandstone Chalukya caves at Badami, and the towering chaitya at Karla, this guide covers entry fees, transit logistics, closed days, three full itineraries, and practical advice for first-time visitors planning a 2026 trip.

Why visit in 2026

I picked 2026 for my cave temple circuit because several restoration projects finally wrapped up. The Archaeological Survey of India completed multi-year conservation work on Ajanta Cave 1 and Cave 17 in late 2025, so the Padmapani Bodhisattva fresco and the Vessantara Jataka panels are visible again under improved low-lumen LED lighting. Ellora's Kailasa Temple (Cave 16) reopened all three exterior galleries after structural reinforcement.

Elephanta Island upgraded its ferry pier in March 2026, cutting crossing time from Mumbai's Gateway of India by about fifteen minutes. Badami added a small interpretation center near Cave 1 with bilingual Kannada and English panels. Mahabalipuram now has a clean shuttle service between the Shore Temple, the Five Rathas, and Arjuna's Penance.

Hotel inventory in Aurangabad doubled between 2023 and 2026, with three new four-star properties near the airport. Direct flights from Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Bangalore to Aurangabad (IXU) now run daily on at least two carriers, which removes the old problem of overnight bus connections. For anyone who has been waiting for the right moment, 2026 is the cleanest planning window I have seen.

Background

Indian rock-cut architecture spans roughly twelve centuries, from the 2nd century BCE through the 10th century CE, one of the longest sustained traditions of stone excavation in the ancient world. The earliest examples appear in Bihar and Odisha, but the tradition matured in the Western Ghats of present-day Maharashtra, where layers of Deccan basalt offered hardness for permanence and workability for fine detail. Basalt holds up against monsoon rain in a way sandstone often does not, which is why these monuments survived where freestanding wooden structures from the same period are completely lost.

Three religious traditions used the same architectural vocabulary, often at the same sites. Buddhist communities began the tradition with simple prayer halls (chaityas) and monastic residences (viharas). Hindu patrons adapted the techniques in the 5th and 6th centuries for shrines to Shiva, Vishnu, and the goddess. Jain communities, particularly in Karnataka and Maharashtra, created their own cave complexes from roughly the 7th century onward. At Ellora, all three traditions sit within walking distance of each other.

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), founded in 1861 under Alexander Cunningham, took on systematic documentation and protection of these monuments in the late 19th century. ASI has since catalogued more than 1,500 rock-cut monuments across the subcontinent. The agency manages site access, sets ticket prices, controls photography rules, and runs the conservation laboratories. Five of the cave sites I cover here carry UNESCO World Heritage status: Ajanta (1983), Ellora (1983), Elephanta (1987), the group of monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984), and Pattadakal in Karnataka (1987).

Maharashtra holds the densest concentration of rock-cut monuments in India: Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta, Karla, Bhaja, Kanheri, Pataleshwar, Bedse, and dozens of smaller sites, many on the same trade routes that connected the Konkan coast to the Deccan plateau. Karnataka adds the Chalukya complex around Badami, Aihole, and Pattadakal. Tamil Nadu contributes the Pallava monuments at Mahabalipuram, a southern variation on the same architectural tradition.

Five Tier-1 destinations

Ajanta Caves, Aurangabad (Maharashtra)

I arrived at Ajanta on a Tuesday morning with gates opening at 9 a.m. The site sits about 100 km northeast of Aurangabad, carved into a horseshoe-shaped cliff above the Waghora River. There are 30 numbered caves, dated from the 2nd century BCE through the 6th century CE, in two major construction phases: an early Hinayana phase and a later Mahayana phase under Vakataka patronage. UNESCO listed the site in 1983.

What sets Ajanta apart is the surviving mural painting. Caves 1, 2, 16, and 17 hold the most complete fresco programs, including the Padmapani Bodhisattva in Cave 1 and the Vessantara Jataka cycle in Cave 17. Pigments include lampblack, ochre, lapis lazuli for blue, and a green derived from glauconite. ASI restricts flash photography site-wide, and the painted caves prohibit any photography in some sections during restoration cycles. Entry: 40 INR Indians, 600 INR foreign nationals. Children under 15 free. Closed Mondays.

Ellora Caves, Aurangabad (Maharashtra)

Ellora sits 30 km northwest of Aurangabad and contains 34 caves dated between roughly 600 and 1000 CE. The layout is linear along a north-south basalt escarpment: Caves 1-12 Buddhist, Caves 13-29 Hindu (mostly Shaiva), Caves 30-34 Jain. UNESCO listed Ellora in 1983.

The centerpiece is Cave 16, the Kailasa Temple, carved top-down from a single basalt outcrop between roughly 757 and 783 CE under Rashtrakuta king Krishna I. Workers removed an estimated 200,000 tons of rock. The temple measures 32 meters tall, 46 meters wide, and 82 meters long, representing Mount Kailasa, the mythological abode of Shiva. I spent four hours in Kailasa alone; budget six hours for the full site. Entry: 40 INR Indians, 600 INR foreign nationals. Closed Tuesdays. Tripods require advance ASI permission.

Elephanta Caves, Mumbai (Maharashtra)

Elephanta is the easiest cave site to reach from a major city. Seven caves sit on Gharapuri Island, about 10 km east of Mumbai's Gateway of India. Ferries run every 30 minutes from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. The crossing takes about an hour after the 2026 pier upgrade. Caves date to the 5th-8th centuries CE under Kalachuri and later Chalukya patronage. UNESCO: 1987.

Cave 1 holds the Trimurti, a 6-meter-tall three-faced Shiva sculpture representing creation, preservation, and dissolution. The cave also contains panels of Ardhanarishvara, Shiva Nataraja, and the marriage of Shiva and Parvati. Entry: 40 INR Indians, 600 INR foreign nationals, plus 5 INR jetty tax and approximately 220 INR round-trip ferry. Closed Mondays. A toy train runs pier to cave entrance for 10 INR; walking takes about 15 minutes.

Badami Cave Temples, Bagalkot (Karnataka)

Badami was the capital of the Early Chalukya dynasty from roughly 540 to 757 CE, known then as Vatapi. The four cave temples sit on a red sandstone escarpment above Agastya Lake. Cave 1 is dedicated to Shiva and contains an 18-armed Nataraja relief. Cave 2 is Vaishnava, with Vamana-Trivikrama as the central image. Cave 3 is the largest and most refined, also Vaishnava, dated by inscription to 578 CE under Mangalesha. Cave 4 is Jain, with Tirthankara figures.

Badami sits within a triangle with Aihole and Pattadakal (a UNESCO site). The combined Chalukya circuit is essential context for South Indian temple architecture. Entry: 40 INR Indians, 600 INR foreign nationals. Open all days. Budget a full day for Badami plus two more for Aihole and Pattadakal.

Karla Caves, Lonavala (Maharashtra)

Karla is the largest pre-fresco Buddhist chaitya hall in India. The main cave dates to roughly the 2nd century BCE, with later additions through the 5th century CE. The chaitya measures 45 meters long, 14 meters wide, and 14 meters tall to the vault, with 37 octagonal pillars topped by figures of elephants, horses, and couples. The vault retains some original teak ribbing.

The cave sits above the village of Karli, accessed by a stepped path of about 350 steps. A small Ekvira Devi temple at the cave entrance remains actively used. Entry: 25 INR for all visitors. The site is about 11 km from Lonavala railway station and 60 km from Pune. I combined Karla with Bhaja in a single day; both sit within 5 km along the old caravan route.

Five Tier-2 destinations

Bhaja Caves, Lonavala (Maharashtra)

Bhaja sits across the valley from Karla with 22 rock-cut excavations, including a chaitya hall and several viharas, dated to the 2nd century BCE. The chaitya retains its wooden ribs, like Karla, though in poorer condition. A cluster of stupas at the western end carries names of teachers, providing rare epigraphic evidence of monastic lineages. Entry: 25 INR. Open all days. Walk from parking is about 10 minutes uphill.

Kanheri Caves, Mumbai (Maharashtra)

Kanheri sits inside Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Borivali. The complex contains 109 numbered caves, the largest single Buddhist cave group in India, spanning the 1st century BCE through the 10th century CE. Most are simple monastic cells, but Cave 3 is a large chaitya with two standing Buddha figures at the entrance, and Cave 11 contains a darbar hall with stone benches. The complex includes a rock-cut water harvesting system with channels and cisterns still functional. Park entry: 78 INR Indians, 200 INR foreign nationals. Closed Mondays.

Pataleshwar Cave Temple, Pune (Maharashtra)

Pataleshwar is an 8th-century Rashtrakuta-period Shiva shrine in central Pune. Excavated from a single basalt outcrop, it includes a square sanctum, a circular Nandi mandapa, and a courtyard. The structure is unfinished, which gives a clear view into excavation technique: tool marks remain visible on the walls. Entry is free. The temple sits on Jangli Maharaj Road, open 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily.

Aihole, Bagalkot (Karnataka)

Aihole is sometimes called the cradle of Indian temple architecture, with roughly 125 temples representing experimental forms from the 6th through 12th centuries. The Ravanaphadi cave temple is a fine example of early Chalukya rock-cut work, with a Shiva sanctum and detailed wall reliefs. Other key structures include the Durga temple (apsidal plan, 7th-8th century), the Lad Khan temple (one of the earliest extant Hindu temples), and the Meguti Jain temple. Combined ticket with Pattadakal: 40 INR Indians, 600 INR foreign nationals.

Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu)

Mahabalipuram, 60 km south of Chennai on the Coromandel Coast, contains monuments built under Pallava patronage in the 7th century CE. UNESCO inscribed the group in 1984. Key structures: the Shore Temple (structural, not rock-cut, but part of the complex), the Five Rathas (monolithic chariots carved from single granite outcrops), the Krishna Mandapa, the Varaha Cave Temple, the Mahishasuramardini Cave, and Arjuna's Penance, an open-air bas-relief measuring 27 meters wide and 9 meters tall. ASI limits visitor numbers during high tide. Entry: 40 INR Indians, 600 INR foreign nationals.

Cost table

The following figures reflect entry fees and basic costs I tracked during my 2026 visit. Currency conversions use a reference rate of 83 INR to 1 USD; check current rates before budgeting.

Item	Indian Nationals (INR)	Foreign Nationals (INR)	USD (approx)
Ajanta Caves entry	40	600	0.48 / 7.23
Ellora Caves entry	40	600	0.48 / 7.23
Elephanta Caves entry	40	600	0.48 / 7.23
Elephanta jetty tax	5	5	0.06
Elephanta ferry round-trip	220	220	2.65
Badami Caves entry	40	600	0.48 / 7.23
Aihole-Pattadakal combined	40	600	0.48 / 7.23
Karla Caves entry	25	25	0.30
Bhaja Caves entry	25	25	0.30
Kanheri (incl. park)	78	200	0.94 / 2.41
Mahabalipuram entry	40	600	0.48 / 7.23
ASI licensed guide (half day)	800-1,200	1,500-2,500	9.64-30.12
Aurangabad-Ajanta taxi (one way)	2,500-3,500	2,500-3,500	30.12-42.17
Aurangabad-Ellora taxi (one way)	1,200-1,800	1,200-1,800	14.46-21.69
Mumbai-Elephanta ferry	220	220	2.65
Lonavala-Karla local transport	300-500	300-500	3.61-6.02

Photography is included with entry. Video cameras require a separate ASI fee of 25 INR for handheld cameras at most sites. Tripods generally require advance permission. Licensed guides are available at the ticket counter; I would recommend hiring one at Ajanta and Ellora at minimum, where the iconography is dense and self-interpretation is genuinely difficult.

Planning

The best season for cave temple visits across Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu runs from October through March. Day temperatures stay between 22 and 32 degrees Celsius, humidity drops, and the post-monsoon air clears the haze that affects photography. April and May push temperatures into the high 30s and low 40s. June through September brings the southwest monsoon, when access roads to Karla, Bhaja, and Aihole can flood or become slick. Mahabalipuram on the coast has a different pattern, with the northeast monsoon hitting October and November; I would schedule Tamil Nadu for December through February.

Closed days matter more than at most heritage sites. Ajanta closes Mondays. Ellora closes Tuesdays. Elephanta closes Mondays. Build your schedule around the closures. Aurangabad to Ajanta is a 100 km drive of about 2.5 to 3 hours each way; Ellora is 30 km and about 45 minutes. Both work as day trips from Aurangabad. The combined Ajanta plus Ellora visit needs minimum two full days, ideally three.

Photography rules vary. Ajanta restricts flash everywhere and prohibits photography of murals in specified caves during conservation cycles. Ellora allows handheld photography but bans tripods without permission. Elephanta, Badami, Karla, Bhaja, and Mahabalipuram all allow normal handheld photography. Carry a small LED torch for darker interiors; I used a 200-lumen pocket torch and kept it pointed at the ceiling so reflected light reached the walls without creating glare.

Aurangabad airport (IXU) is the practical base for Ajanta and Ellora. Direct flights connect IXU to Mumbai (about 45 minutes), Delhi (about 2 hours), Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Pune. The railway station has overnight services to Mumbai (Tapovan Express, Devagiri Express) and Hyderabad. I stayed near the airport and used pre-booked taxis for daily transit.

Mumbai serves as the base for Elephanta, Karla, Bhaja, and Kanheri. Elephanta is a half-day from the Gateway of India. Karla and Bhaja sit between Mumbai and Pune; take a train to Lonavala (about 2 hours from either city), then a local taxi. Kanheri is accessible by suburban train to Borivali. I would not try to combine Elephanta and Karla in one day.

Mahabalipuram is a 60 km day trip from Chennai along the East Coast Road. The drive takes about 90 minutes outside rush hour. For the full Mahabalipuram experience including the Shore Temple, Five Rathas, Arjuna's Penance, and the hill cave temples, budget a full day. Many visitors also add Kanchipuram, which is another full day inland.

FAQs

Q: How many days do I need to see the main cave temples?
A: For Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta, Karla, and Bhaja, plan minimum 7 days. Add 4 days for Badami and the Chalukya group. Add another 3 days for Mahabalipuram. A 12-day itinerary covers Maharashtra plus at least one southern site.

Q: Can I visit Ajanta and Ellora on the same day?
A: No. The sites are 100 km apart, and each requires 4 to 6 hours. Plan separate days. Ajanta closes Mondays and Ellora closes Tuesdays; build three days in Aurangabad to cover both with buffer.

Q: Do I need a guide?
A: I recommend a licensed ASI guide at Ajanta and Ellora. The iconography in the painted Ajanta caves and the narratives in Ellora's Kailasa Temple are hard to read without context. Elsewhere, a guide is helpful but optional.

Q: What is the dress code?
A: No formal code, but several sites have active worship spaces (Karla's Ekvira temple, Pataleshwar, parts of Elephanta, Mahabalipuram's Shore Temple area). Cover shoulders and knees. Closed shoes help with stone steps.

Q: Can children visit the caves?
A: Yes, and children under 15 enter ASI sites free. Karla requires roughly 350 steps. For young children, prioritize Ellora and Elephanta over Ajanta and Karla.

Q: Is photography allowed?
A: Handheld photography is allowed at most sites without flash. Ajanta restricts mural photography in certain caves during conservation. Video cameras need a small fee at the counter. Tripods require advance permission. Drones are prohibited at all ASI sites.

Q: Are the caves accessible for travelers with mobility issues?
A: Accessibility varies. Ellora has level access to most caves including Cave 16. Ajanta requires the cliff path (paved, with steps). Elephanta has a toy train or moderate uphill walk. Karla involves 350 steps with no alternative. Mahabalipuram has level access to Shore Temple and Five Rathas, with stairs at hilltop caves.

Q: How does ticket pricing work for international visitors?
A: ASI charges differential rates: 40 INR for Indian nationals and 600 INR for foreign nationals at all five Tier-1 sites. Online booking is available through the ASI portal. Carry passport for nationality proof.

Multilingual phrases

Phrase	Hindi	Marathi	Kannada	Tamil
Hello / Greetings	Namaste	Namaskar	Namaskara	Vanakkam
Thank you	Dhanyavaad	Dhanyavaad	Dhanyavaadagalu	Nandri
Yes	Haan	Hoy	Houdu	Aamaam
No	Nahi	Nahi	Illa	Illai
How much?	Kitna?	Kiti?	Eshtu?	Evvalavu?
Where is the cave?	Gufa kahan hai?	Lene kuthe ahe?	Guha elli ide?	Kugai engey?
Water	Paani	Paani	Neeru	Thanneer
Excuse me	Maaf kijiye	Maaf kara	Kshamisi	Mannikkavum
I am from...	Main ... se hoon	Mi ... cha aahe	Naanu ... inda	Naan ... iruntu varugiren

Sanskrit terms that recur on site signage and in guide commentary: chaitya (prayer hall), vihara (monastic residence), stupa (relic mound), garbha-griha (sanctum), mandapa (pillared hall), gopuram (temple gateway, mainly southern temples), Trimurti (three-faced form), Bodhisattva (enlightened being in Mahayana Buddhism), Tirthankara (Jain spiritual teacher), Nataraja (Shiva as cosmic dancer), and Mahishasuramardini (Durga slaying the buffalo demon).

Cultural Notes

Three religious traditions share the rock-cut architectural vocabulary, and a respectful visit involves understanding that some sites remain active places of worship. Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist lineages both maintain a presence in India. The Buddhist caves at Ajanta and most of Ellora's Buddhist group represent Mahayana traditions. Theravada visitors from Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar regularly visit Ajanta and Bodh Gaya as part of the wider Buddhist pilgrimage circuit.

Hindu traditions span Shaivism (dominant at Elephanta, Ellora's Cave 16, and Badami's Cave 1) and Vaishnavism (prominent in Badami's Caves 2 and 3 and at parts of Mahabalipuram). Goddess worship appears throughout, from Mahishasuramardini panels at Ellora and Aihole to the active Ekvira Devi shrine at Karla. Approach active shrines with standard temple etiquette: remove shoes at the entrance, do not touch images, and ask before photographing worshippers.

Jain caves at Ellora (Caves 30-34) and at Badami (Cave 4) reflect Digambara and Shvetambara traditions, the two main divisions of Jainism. The Tirthankara figures are seated or standing in characteristic postures. Jain etiquette emphasizes quiet inside the caves.

Conservation challenges are visible at most sites. Ajanta's murals face humidity damage from visitor breath; ASI has installed dehumidifiers and limits visitor numbers in fragile caves. Elephanta's Cave 1 lost significant sculpture during the Portuguese occupation of the 16th century, and shows salt damage from sea spray. Badami's red sandstone is structurally robust but the painted ceiling in Cave 3 has lost most of its pigment. Mahabalipuram's coastal granite faces salt aerosols.

Pre-trip Checklist

Before arriving at any of these sites, work through this checklist:

Confirm closed days: Ajanta Mondays, Ellora Tuesdays, Elephanta Mondays, Pattadakal Fridays.
Pack a small LED torch (200 lumens or higher) for dark interiors.
Wear closed shoes with good grip. Several sites involve steep stairs.
Pack modest clothing covering shoulders and knees, especially at active worship sites.
Confirm photography rules. No flash at Ajanta. No drones at any ASI site.
Carry small denomination Indian rupees for tickets and parking. ATMs are sparse near rural sites.
Carry passport for ticket counter ID at ASI sites if you are a foreign national.
Book hotels in advance for the peak season (October through March), especially in Aurangabad.
Download offline maps. Cellular coverage drops near Ajanta and on rural Karnataka roads.
Hydrate. Daytime temperatures reach 30°C and interior climbs are physical. Carry one liter per person per site minimum.

Three itineraries

5-day Maharashtra cave circuit (Mumbai-Aurangabad-Mumbai)

Day 1: Arrive Mumbai. Morning visit to Elephanta Caves (ferry from Gateway of India at 9 a.m., return by 2 p.m.). Afternoon and evening in Mumbai. Overnight Mumbai.

Day 2: Morning flight or train to Aurangabad (IXU). Afternoon visit to Daulatabad Fort and Bibi ka Maqbara as an introduction to the region. Overnight Aurangabad.

Day 3: Full-day Ellora visit. Start at Cave 16 (Kailasa) early in the morning before crowds. Cover Hindu caves (13-29) midday, Buddhist caves (1-12) and Jain caves (30-34) in the afternoon. Overnight Aurangabad.

Day 4: Full-day Ajanta visit. Early start (driver pickup at 7 a.m. for 9 a.m. site opening). Focus on Caves 1, 2, 16, and 17 for the painted programs; Caves 9 and 10 for the early Hinayana phase; Cave 26 for the largest reclining Buddha. Overnight Aurangabad.

Day 5: Morning visit to Aurangabad Caves (small but worth two hours). Afternoon flight back to Mumbai. Departure.

7-day Karnataka Chalukya circuit (Bangalore-Hampi-Badami)

Day 1: Arrive Bangalore. Overnight Bangalore.

Day 2: Drive or fly to Hubli, then road to Badami (about 100 km from Hubli). Overnight Badami.

Day 3: Full-day Badami Caves visit. Start at Cave 1 (Shiva), proceed up to Caves 2, 3 (largest, Vaishnava), and Cave 4 (Jain). Afternoon at the Badami Fort complex above the caves and the small archaeological museum near the lake. Overnight Badami.

Day 4: Day trip to Aihole (35 km from Badami). Cover the Durga temple, Lad Khan temple, Ravanaphadi cave temple, and Meguti Jain temple. Return to Badami. Overnight Badami.

Day 5: Day trip to Pattadakal (22 km from Badami). UNESCO site with both North Indian (nagara) and South Indian (dravida) temple styles in one complex. Virupaksha, Mallikarjuna, and Papanatha temples are the headliners. Return to Badami. Overnight Badami.

Day 6: Drive to Hampi (about 145 km, 3 hours) for an optional extension to the Vijayanagara complex, or return to Hubli for connections. Overnight Hampi or Hubli.

Day 7: Travel back to Bangalore for departure.

12-day comprehensive Maharashtra-Karnataka-Tamil Nadu

Day 1: Arrive Mumbai. Evening at the Gateway of India and Colaba.

Day 2: Morning Elephanta Caves. Afternoon Kanheri Caves (Borivali). Overnight Mumbai.

Day 3: Morning train to Lonavala. Visit Karla and Bhaja Caves in the same afternoon. Overnight Lonavala or Pune.

Day 4: Morning Pataleshwar Cave Temple in Pune. Afternoon flight to Aurangabad. Overnight Aurangabad.

Day 5: Full-day Ellora. Overnight Aurangabad.

Day 6: Full-day Ajanta. Overnight Aurangabad.

Day 7: Flight from Aurangabad to Hubli (via Mumbai or Bangalore). Road to Badami. Overnight Badami.

Day 8: Badami Caves and Badami Fort. Overnight Badami.

Day 9: Day trip to Aihole and Pattadakal. Return Badami. Overnight Badami.

Day 10: Road to Hubli, flight to Chennai. Drive to Mahabalipuram (60 km). Overnight Mahabalipuram.

Day 11: Full-day Mahabalipuram: Shore Temple, Five Rathas, Arjuna's Penance, Krishna Mandapa, Varaha Cave, Mahishasuramardini Cave. Overnight Mahabalipuram.

Day 12: Morning at the leisure beach or optional Kanchipuram day trip. Afternoon return to Chennai for departure.

Six related guides

South India Temple Architecture Complete Guide 2026
Maharashtra Heritage Circuit: Aurangabad, Daulatabad, and Lonar Crater
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India Complete List 2026
Buddhist Pilgrimage Sites India Bodh Gaya Sarnath Ajanta
Karnataka Travel Guide Hampi Badami Bangalore Mysore
Tamil Nadu Temple Towns Madurai Thanjavur Mahabalipuram

External references

Archaeological Survey of India: https://asi.nic.in
Maharashtra Tourism: https://maharashtratourism.gov.in
Karnataka Tourism: https://karnatakatourism.org
Tamil Nadu Tourism: https://tamilnadutourism.tn.gov.in
UNESCO World Heritage Centre: https://whc.unesco.org

Last updated: 2026-05-19

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